KISAH MENGENAI BAI'AH DAN PERISTIWA PERJANJIAN AQABAH

Perjalanan sejarah atau sirah Nabi Muhammad SAW sama ada sukar atau mudah untuk diikuti, amat penting untuk kita ketahui. Malah kalau dapat kita dalami dan dikaji dengan lebih lanjut lalu dihayati, itu adalah lebih baik bagi orang-orang yang ingin berjuang dengan berpegang teguh dengan sumpah dan janjinya kepada Allah.

KISAH MENGENAI BAI'AH ATAU PERJANJIAN AQABAH

Secara ringkasnya ia merupakan 'Perjanjian Damai' atau 'Sumpah Setia' yang berlaku antara Nabi Muhammad dengan beberapa penduduk Yathrib (nama lama Madinah Al-Munawarrah) yang datang menemui baginda di sebuah tempat atau bukit bernama 'Aqabah'. Bukit itu terletak beberapa kilometer di utara Kota Mekah itu berdekatan dengan Mina.

Kita jangan keliru kerana terdapat sebuah perkampungan di Timur Laut Tebing Barat, Palestin, juga dikenali sebagai 'Aqabah' yang dirampas daripada penduduk Palestin untuk dijadikan sebuah kem tentera besar Rejim Israel.

Juga perlu diketahui sebuah bandar di selatan Jordan juga bernama 'Aqabah', di samping kita menyebut 'Aqabah' iaitu perbuatan 'ibadat haji' iaitu 'melontar batu Jumrah yang ketiga, iaitu 'Jumrah Al-Aqabah'.

'Perjanjian 'Aqabah' merupakan 'Perjanjian Pertama' antara baginda dengan mana-mana pihak, sama ada dari dalam mahupun luar kota Mekah. Ia melibatkan satu persefahaman untuk memberi ketaatan kepada Rasulullah.


PERISTIWA PERJANJIAN 'AQABAH

Perjanjian Aqabah merupakan susulan "selepas enam (6) orang penduduk Yathrib memeluk Islam" pada musim Haji Tahun Ke 11 Kenabian. Mereka berjanji kepada baginda untuk menyampaikan risalah Islam di kalangan kaum mereka apabila pulang semula ke Yathrib.

Hasilnya, pada musim Haji berikutnya, iaitu musim Haji Tahun Ke 12 Kenabian, bersamaan Julai tahun 621 Masihi, "datanglah seramai 12 orang lelaki termasuk lima orang yang menemui Baginda sebelum ini."

Lima (5) daripada tujuh (7) muka baru yang menemui Baginda itu terdiri daripada suku atau Kabilah Al Khazraj, manakala dua (2) lagi, suku Aus.

Mereka bertemu dengan Baginda 'di Bukit Aqabah', bagi memateri satu perjanjian yang dikenali sebagai 'Perjanjian Aqabah'. Antara lain seperti yang diriwayatkan oleh Al-Bukhari daripada Ubadah bin Al-Samit, iaitu salah seorang daripada suku Al-Khazraj yang menerima Perjanjian Aqabah itu, bahawa Rasulullah SAW bersabda:

"Marilah, berbai'ahlah kepada Ku, bahawa kamu tidak akan mensyirikkan Allah dengan sesuatu apa pun, tidak mencuri, tidak berzina, tidak membunuh anak-anak kamu, tidak membawa cerita-cerita fitnah dari hadapan dan belakang, dan tidak mendurhakai ku dalam kebajikan."

"Barangsiapa yang terlanggar sesuatu daripadanya lalu dihukum semasa di dunia, maka itu adalah sebagai penebusan (kaffarah)."

"Namun jika sesiapa yang terlanggar akan perjanjian itu dengan melakukan perkara yang sama-sama kita berjanji untuk tidak melakukannya, tetapi ditutupkan oleh Allah daripada pengetahuan manusia, maka urusannya terserahlah kepada Allah. Jika Dia mahu, maka Dia akan menyiksakannya dan jika Dia mahu, Dia akan mengampunkannya."

Ubadah pun berkata, "Lalu aku pun membaiahnya."
Diriwayat lain disebutkan, "Lalu kami pun membai'ahnya atas perkara-perkara yang disebutkan oleh Rasulullah itu."

DARI ASPEK SOSIAL DAN POLITIK

Namun dari aspek sosial dan politik, penduduk Arab melakukan "Perjanjian (Bai'ah) Damai" antara kabilah dan sebagainya, adalah biasa dilakukan. Telah menjadi adat dan tradisi mereka "saling menyatakan sumpah setiakawan atau bersahabat baik bagi mencapai pelbagai tujuan dan matlamat tertentu".

DI SEBALIK PERISTIWA PERJANJIAN AQABAH:

Di sebalik perjanjian itu, tentunya kita tertanya-tanya mengapa penduduk Yathrib dengan begitu mudah dan tanpa sebarang masalah menerima dakwah daripada Rasulullah?... Hanya dengan satu pertemuan sahaja dengan baginda. Mereka seolah-olah seperti telah lama menunggu saat menerima dakwah baginda itu.

Persoalan ini memerlukan kita melihat situasi yang berlaku di Yathrib itu sendiri yang menjadi sebab musabab utama mengapa mereka dengan mudah memeluk Islam.

KOMPOSISI PENDUDUK 'YATHRIB'

Komposisi penduduk di Yathrib terdiri daripada tiga kelompok yang besar, iaitu kaum Yahudi dan dua lagi kaum Arab terdiri daripada suku kaum 'Al-Khazraj' dan 'Aus'.

Kedua-dua puak Arab ini merupakan kaum yang menyembah berhala di Yathrib, manakala kaum Yahudi dengan agama Yahudi, mereka sebagai golongan ahli kitab yang mempercayai 'Kitab Taurat'.


DALAM BUKU KARANGAN HUSSEIN HAEKAL

Menurut Hussein Haekal dalam 'bab Ikrar Aqabah', dalam buku 'Sejarah Hidup Muhammad SAW', kaum Yahudi dan dua suku Arab di Kota Yathrib itu tidak pernah hidup aman. Persengketaan demi persengketaan yang membawa peperangan, sering berlaku. Sejarah mereka agak panjang iaitu melibatkan "pelbagai punca terutamanya soal agama."

Menurut Haekal, apabila 'puak Nasrani' yang mendiami 'Syam' yang berada di bawah pengaruh Rom Timur (Baizantin), mereka terlalu membenci dan memarahi kaum Yahudi tanpa mengira di mana puak itu berada.

Mereka percaya kaum itu telah menyebabkan kematian Nabi Isa AS, iaitu dengan cara menyiksa dan menyalib baginda. Lalu kaum Yahudi yang sekian lama mendiami Tathrib, turut menjadi mangsa kemarahan kaum Nasrani itu. Namun, cubaan untuk menghapuskan terus 'kaum Yahudi' itu tidak pernah berjaya sehinggalah puak 'Nasara' meminta bantuan daripada 'suku Arab Khazraj dan Aus, untuk membalas dendam.'

Namun kedudukan Yahudi semakin terancam apabila suku Arab itu sendiri ingin menyingkir kaum itu keluar dari Yathrib, bagi membolehkan mereka memonopoli dan menguasai sepenuhnya bandar yang makmur dan subur dengan pelbagai hasil pertanian dan perniagaan itu.

YAHUDI PECAH BELAHKAN SUKU-SUKU ARAB

Namun Yahudi yang menyedari niat suku Arab itu, 'betindak pantas dan bijak' dengan melancarkan "gerakan memecah belahkan suku-suku Arab tersebut".

"Caranya, dengan menciptakan pelbagai 'provokasi dan fitnah' yang menyebabkan suku Khazraj dan Aus sering bertelagah sesama sendiri."

Gerakan licik dan halus oleh Yahudi itu benar-benar mengembalikan semula kedudukan mereka di 'Yathrib'.

Soal keagamaan turut menyumbang kepada berlakunya 'Perjanjian Aqabah'. apabila kaum Yahudi di Yathrib, yang merupakan golongan ahli Kitab, dan mempercayai Tuhan yang 'SATU' (MONOTEISME), sering mengejek-ejek dan mencela perbuatan suku Arab Khazraj dan Aus menyembah berhala.

Kaum Yahudi sering memperingatkan kepada mereka mengenai ramalan dalam Taurat mengenai kelahiran seorang Nabi yang akan menyelamatkan kaum Yahudi.

Namun mereka tidak bermaksud untuk mengajak suku-suku Arab itu memeluk agama mereka.
Maka apabila suku Arab di Yathrib mendengar dan mengetahui mengenai "seorang Nabi telah muncul di Kota Mekah" menyebabkan mereka akhirnya mengakui kebenaran ramalan dari kitab 'Perjanjian Lama Yahudi' itu.

Agaknya inilah nabi yang disebut-sebut oleh orang Yahudi mengetahui mengenai Nabi Muhammad SAW itu dan kita mendahului mereka untuk menerima kedatangan Nabi ini.

"Biar kita beriman terlebih dahulu, sebelum kaum Yahudi beriman terhadap Nabi itu, jika tidak tahu hujung pangkal, nasib kita tiada siapa yang tahu." Kata puak-puak Al-Khazraj dan Aus itu.


From Empty Hands,
A. Rahman bin Mahadi
Labis, Johore
016-602 0321

28 October 2011

Next Topic: 1. "Mind Is A Great Force On This Earth. The Mind Of Man Functions On Three Planes"

2. "Bagaimana Menghadapi Kematian"

ABOUT WOMEN AND WHY WOMEN NEVER THOUGHT ABOUT WAR

Women does not have a war instinct, and she is not interested in invading countries, creating empires. It is just not in her nature. "That's why I'm insisting that if women took over all the parliaments, war could simply be stopped without any difficulty."

It is the women who suffers most in a war: either her husband dies or her son dies or her father dies. Whenever her country is invaded,"the first victim is the women".
"She is raped by the soldiers of the invading nation; the first thing that the soldiers do is to rape women. She gets nothing out of war except losing everything and being used brutally and violently."

And please note:

War will continue if man remains in power. "Man has to be removed from power- he has a war instinct."

'WOMAN'... Has all the great qualities in her. And whenever a man becomes awakened, he attains to the same qualities which he has been condemning in women. "The qualities that are thought to be weak are all the feminine qualities." And it is a strange fact that all the great qualities come into that category. What is left are only the brutal qualities, animal qualities.

Strength has many dimentions. Love has its own strength. For example, to carry a child in the womb for nine months needs strength, stamina, love. No man would manage it.

"It is difficult to give life to another soul, to give a body to another soul, to give a brain and mind to another soul."

The woman shares wholeheartedly in giving to the child whatever she can manage. And even after the child is born, it is not easy to bring up children.

"To me, it seems to be the most difficult thing in the world."

Any mountain climbers and Astronauts...
These people should first try to bring up children... Then only can we accept that they have done something by climbing the Everest; otherwise it is pointless. Even if you have reached the moon and walked on the moon it does not matter, it doesn't show that you are stronger.

A living child - so volatile, such an energy overflowing that he will tire you within hours. Nine months in the womb and then a few years....

"Just try one night with a small baby in your bed. During that night, in your house, something is going to happen: either the child will kill you or you will kill the child. Most probably you will kill the child, because children are the nastiest people in the world."

They are 'so fresh' and they want to do so many things and you are dead tired. You want to go to sleep, and the child is fully awake; he wants to do all kinds of things and "he want your advice, and questions... and if nothing works then he wants to go the bathroom! He is feeling thirsty... he is feeling hungry in the middle of the night."

I don't think there is any man who can have a pregnancy or who can bring up children."It is the strength of the women." But it is a different strength. There is one strength which is destructive, there is another strength which is creative. There is one strength which is of hatred, and "there is another strength which is Love."

"Love,trust, beauty, sincerity, truthfulness, authenticity - these are all feminine qualities."

And they are far greater than any qualities that man has. But the whole past has been dominated by man and his qualities.

"Naturally in war, love is no use, truth is of no use, beauty is of no use, aesthetic sensibility is of no use."

Remember! In war you need a heart that is more stony than stones. "In war you need simply hate, anger, a madness to destroy."

In three thousand years man has fought fire thousand wars. Yes, this is also strength but not worthy of human beings. "This strength derived from our human inheritance."

It belongs to the past, which is gone, and the feminine qualities belong to the future... Which is coming.

As a woman there is no need to feel yourself weak because of your feminine qualities. "You should feel grateful to existence that what man has to earn, you have been given by nature as a gift."

Man has to learn how to love. Man has to learn how to let the heart be the master and the mind be just an obedient servant. Man has to learn these things.

"The woman brings these things with her." But we condemn all these qualities as weakness. Please note;

"Even if you have chosen women as great individuals, you can see what you have chosen - you have chosen a man, because you have chosen the qualities of man that were in the woman."

For example; if you have read the history, Joan of Arc had all the qualities of man. She could fight with a naked sword, could kill people without any problem. Such women have been chosen in history and great tribute has been paid to them by the historians. "And they don't represent women; in fact that is the reason why they have been chosen - because "they are just carbon copies of men."

"The women's liberation movement has to learn one fundamental thing": That is, not to imitate men and not to listen to what he says about feminine qualities, the feminine personality. "Drop all the ideas of man that he has been putting in your heads. And also drop the ideas of the women's liberation movement, because they are also putting nonsense into your minds."

Their nonsense is that they are trying to prove that men and women are equal. They are not- and when I say they are not, I don't mean that someone is superior and someone is inferior. "I mean that they are unique."

Women are women and men are men; there is no question of comparison. Equally is out of the question. They are not unequal and neither can they be equal;... "They are unique."

Rejoice in your feminine qualities, make a poetry of your feminine qualities. That is your great inheritance from nature. Don't throw it away, because the man does not have them.

I would like the whole world to be full of feminine qualities... "Then only can wars disappear. Then only can we have one world: A loving a peaceful, a silent and beautiful world."

So drop all the conditionings man has given to you. Find your own qualities and develop them.You are not to imitate man; neither is the man to imitate you.

There is no need of any conflict between you, because you are man and woman together.

"Rather than creating a conflict, my whole work is to indicate to you the path, how you can create an orchestra of all your qualities together.
That will be your wholeness as a human being."


From Empty Hands,
A.Rahman bin Mahadi
Labis, Johore
016-602 0321

04 October 2011

Next Topic: 1. "Kisah Mengenai Bai'ah dan Peristiwa Perjanjian Aqabah"

2. "Mind Is A Great Force On This Earth. The Mind Of Man Functions On Three Planes"